現在完成時講解_初中英語現在完成時的講解 _生活經驗

現在完成時詳細講解超酷的現在完成時語法講解

現在完成時講解超酷的現在完成時語法講解

求英語語法現在完成時講解，例子，習題（附答案）現在完成時
現在完成時是英文時態的一種
現在完成時的用法
have(has)+過去分詞(done)
1.現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了.)
Michael has been ill.(含義是:現在仍然很虛弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現在已在此地)
2. 現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for,since連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 現在完成時表示現在之前業已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續,但是有一些現在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現在完成時的動作就表示延續性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (現在不再學俄語)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2點用法第一個例句)
7. 現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作.
We have had four texts this semester.
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現在完成時的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.現在完成時的"完成用法"
現在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻并已結束，但該動作對現在產生了影響，與現在情況具有因果關系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。(動作結束于過去，但說明的是現在的情況--燈現在不亮了。)
現在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續，因此，該時態只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already ， yet ， before ， recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如：never ， ever，once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如：this morning ／ month ／year... ， today等)連用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？
2.現在完成時的"未完成用法"
現在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前，一直延續至今，有可能還要繼續下去。)
此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導)，或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)現在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
(2)現在完成時常見兩種句型：
①主語＋have / has been＋for短語
②It is＋一段時間＋ since從句
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入團已三年了
一.have/has been doing sth.
1.現在完成進行時
當后面接有一段時間的詞時,或是加表示時間的詞時,可以用現在完成時.如果這件事現在還在持續或還在做,則可用
現在完成進行時.
如:I have been skating for 4 hours.
I have finished my homework.
2.現在完成時的被動語態.
后接動詞的過去分詞.
如:The building has been built for 5 years.
二.一般現在時:用動詞原形
一般過去時:用動詞的過去式
一般將來時:will/shall+do
is/am/are going to do
過去將來時:could/would do
現在完成時:have/has done
過去完成時:had done
將來完成時:shall have done
過去將來完成時:would/could have done
現在進行時:is/am/are doing
過去進行時:was/were doing
將來進行時:will/shall be doing
過去將來進行時:would/could be doing
現在完成進行時:have/has been doing
過去完成進行時:had been doing
將來完成進行時:shall have been doing
過去將來完成進行時:would have been doing
現在完成時和一般過去時的區別講解
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一般過去時和現在完成時的比較語法是語言的規律，是語言的骨骼，是觸摸語言的本質，它向人們提供詞形變化及組詞成句的規則。我們在語言交際中無時不受語法規則的支配。在英語學習過程中，同學們常常將一般過去時與現在完成時混淆在一起。現將二者的用法做一比較。一般過去時描述的是過去的動作或狀態，是對過去發生過的事情進行純描述。常見的用于一般過去時態中的典型時間狀語有lastweek，yesterday，threedaysago，in2007，inthosedays等。例如：Lindasuddenlyfellillyesterday.琳達昨天突然病了。Theygotmarriedlastyear.他們是去年結婚的。若未出現時間狀語，那么我們就須了解它的暗含內容是什么。如：Iwasastudent.此句暗含Iamnotastudentnow.HeworkedinLanzhou.言外之意則是HeisnotworkinginLanzhounow.一般過去時的本質特征就是會使人產生一種距離感。請看例句：A1：Iamateacher.我是老師。A2：Iwasateacher.我曾經當過老師。（現在的身份已不再是老師。）很顯然，這組句子在時間上（現在還是過去）使人產生了一種距離感。請看第二組例句：B1：CanIuseyourMP3？我可以借用你的MP3嗎？B2：CouldIuseyourMP3？我可以借用你的MP3嗎？當我們請求朋友、熟人的允許時，常用CanI… ，顯得更直接，更隨意；而當我們請求不太熟悉的人或長輩、上級的允許時，常用CouldI…，使語氣聽起來更委婉、客氣。那么自然地這組句子體現出情感上的親疏，即交談雙方在情感上產生了一種距離感。再看下例：C：I
急求現在完成時的講解，練習（附答案）?。。。。?/h3>Grammar 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成： have (has) +過去分詞。規則變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣，在動詞詞尾加ed; 不規則變化的過去分詞見不規則動詞表，需要同學記憶。
現以see the film為例將現在完成時的肯定句，否定句和疑問句列表如下：
肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film.He/She /It has seen the film.
否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.
He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.
疑問句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t.
Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
二、用法：現在完成時既涉及過去，又聯系現在。用法一：表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。常與just（剛剛），already（已經），never（從來沒有），ever（曾經），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次）， twice（兩次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）， so far（迄今為止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年來）等連用。
※副詞的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .
②never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever用于疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has＋主語＋ever ＋過去分詞？“…曾經……過嗎？”用于詢問某人過去的經歷。Have you ever been to the farm？
④before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.
⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
用法二：表示過去已經開始，一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。時間狀語有：
①for＋表示一段時間的詞語I have taught English for 19 years 。
②since＋表示過去時間點的詞語He has been at this school since 1986.
③since＋表示過去的時間狀語從句I have lived here since I was born.
④since＋一段時間＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.
三、現在完成時態中可以和表示一段時間狀語（for，since，how long, all one’s life）連用的動詞必須是表示延續的情況或動作的動詞，即延續性動詞。如：be，have ， know，live ， work，study，learn ， teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear ， walk，sleep，drive，write ， do，clean等。
I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?
四、延續性動詞的現在完成時可和包括“現在”在內的（到說話時仍未結束）表示一段時間的狀語連用。如this morning，today，this week，these days
He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（說話時間在上午）He wrote two letters this morning.（說話時間在下午或晚上）
五、英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續,只是一瞬間
就結束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續性動詞” ，常見的有：come，go，arrive ， reach，see，hear ， close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall ， join ， die，get up，become ， borrow，lend，find ， finish，receive等。這些動詞可用于現在完成時，說明某個動作的結果還存在，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語（how long，for，since）連用。He has come back.（√）He has come back for two hours.（×）
※但在否定句中，非延續性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾，如
I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.
六、當終止性動詞（非延續性動詞）與表示一段時間的狀語（how long，since，for，all one’s life）相矛盾時,改正錯句的方法有如下幾種:
（1）用副詞ago把現在完成時的句子改為一般過去時.
He has come back for two weeks.（錯）改為:He came back two weeks ago.（正）
I have lost my bike for ten days. （錯）改為:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）
（2）用“It is / has been＋時間＋since＋一般過去時態”句型來改寫。
He has joined the League for 3 years. （錯）It is 3 years since he joined the League.
I have bought the book for 5 days. （錯）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）
He has died for 20 years. （錯）It is 20 years since he died. （正）
（3）用“時間＋has passed＋since＋一般過去時態”句型來改寫。
He has left home for 20 years. 改為:Twenty years has passed since he left home.
He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改為:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.
（4）用系表結構來改寫.
He has died for 20 years. 改為: He has been dead for 20 years.
The factory has opened since 1999. 改為:The factory has been open since 1999.
How long has he left? 改為:How long has he been away?
（5）用相應的延續性動詞替代非延續性動詞。
He has bought the book for two weeks. 改為:He has had the book for two weeks.
常見的相應轉換形式如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away（from）,go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back, join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,
他參軍已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（錯）改為:
He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.
He joined the army three years ago.
It is three years since he joined the army.
Three years has passed since he joined the army.
（1）He came to our village two years ago.=Heour village since two years ago.
（2）He left home three days ago=Hehome for 3 days.
（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=Ithe watch since 2 weeks ago.
（4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=Ithe book for 5 days.
（5）The film has begun= The filmfor half an hour.
（6）I got to know him 10 years ago=Ihim for 10 years.
（7）There is a factory=Therea factory for 20 years.
（8）Our school opened in 1960=Our schoolsince 1960.
七、現在完成時中應注意的幾個問題
1. have been to 和have gone to的區別
have been to 強調“去過” ，現已不在那里，如：
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現在已“不在美國”）
have gone to主要強調的是“去了”，現在人不在說話的現?。?如：
--Where's your mother? --你媽媽在哪？
--She has gone to the hospital. --她去醫院了。
2. have been to 和have been in的區別
have been to強調人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次數”的狀語。
eg. ① She has been to Shanghai only once.
②--How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。
eg. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他們在車站呆了半小時。（現在仍然在車站）
②We have been in Xi'an for two weeks.
我們在西安呆了兩個多星期。（現仍在西安）
③How long have they been in China?
他們在中國呆了多長時間了？（仍在中國）
八、如何通過與一般過去時做比較,進一步掌握現在完成時?
一般過去時和現在完成時的動作都發生在過去,但意義卻不同.
（1）一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態,和現在不發生關系。
現在完成時表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響,強調的是現在。
如:I learned ten English songs（說明過去學過,現在是否記得,不是本句的內容）
I have learnt ten English songs.（learn發生在過去,但強調我現在懂英語歌曲）
I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只說明“擦”和其發生的時間）
I have cleaned the blackboard.（說明現在黑板是干凈的）
The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現在有單詞）
The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現在沒有單詞）
（2）一般過去時可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等。現在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用,其時間狀語可以是since…,for… , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all one’s life等
八、規則動詞的過去分詞和它的過去式相同,即在原形后加－ed（－d）。已學近80個不規則動詞的過去分詞約有半數也和它的過去式相同,分類如下,利于記憶:
1)原形中的元音字母有變化:
get-got-got,sit –sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spatshine –shone- shone
find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-metstand- stood-stood
understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fedhang-hung-hung
2)原形中的輔音字母有變化:
make-made-madespill-spilt-spilthave/ has-had-had build-built-built
send-sent-sentlend- lent- lentspend-spent-spent
3)在原形后加t或d:
spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meanthear-heard-heard
pay-paid-paidsay-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid
4)原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化:
feel-felt-feltsmell-smelt-smeltspell-spelt –spelt keep-kept-kept
sleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold
tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought
bring-brought-brought think-thought-thoughtwear-wore-worn
5)與原形相同:
hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putread-read-read
set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-costcut-cut-cut
還有些不規則動詞的過去分詞與過去式不相同,為便于記憶,也分類如下:
1)原形中的元音字母有變化:
ring-rang-rungsing-sang-sungdrink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum
begin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk
2) 在原形上加－en:
eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written
be-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten
3)在原形上加－n:
see-saw-seengive-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken
mistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown
4)在過去式上加－n:
steal-stole-stolen break-broken–broken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spokenwake-woke-woken
6)與原行相同:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become
7)原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同的:
do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain
個別動詞有兩個過去式和過去分詞,一個為規則變化,另一個為不規則變化:
learn-learned-learnedshined-shinedsmell – smelled-smelled
learnt-learntshine shone-shonesmelt-smelt
wake -waked-wakedspelled-spelled
woke-wokenspell -spelt –spelt
【典型例題】
1. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
— No, I ____ it for two years.
A. hadB. have hadC. boughtD. have bought
2. His grandfather _____ for over two years.
A. has diedB. has been deadC. has deadD. died
3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _____ England for 5 years.
A. has gone toB. has been toC. has come toD. has been in
4. — Where is Mr. Zhang? — He _____ London.
A. has been toB. has beenC. has goneD. has gone to
5. — _____ to the United States? — No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
A. Have you beenB. Have you goneC. Did you goD. Will you go
6. I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
A. forB. sinceC. fromD. on
7. — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please!
— OK, Mum.
A. playedB. have playedC. were playingD. play
8.I won’t go to the concert because I _____ my ticket.
A. lostB. don’t loseC. have lostD. will lost
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the right verb tense:
1. It（rain）for a week.
2. I don’t know this woman. I（meet, never）her.
3.－Let’s go to the cinema.－No, I（see, already）the film.
4. We（finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?
5. John（come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute.
6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he（be）there ten times.
7. －Where’s John? －Hejust（go）to the teachers’ office.
8. She（study）English since she was ten. She（begin）to study English when she was ten.
9. Jim isn’t here. He（go）to the library. He（go）there an hour ago.
10. He（travel, never）on a train in her life.
11. I（buy）the bike two weeks ago. I（have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I（have）it for two weeks.
12. Great changes（take place）in those villages in the last ten years, Great changes（take place, also）in my home－town in the last ten years.
13. How many timesyou（phone）me these days?you（phone）me this morning?
14. Tom can’t get into the room because he（lost）the key to the door.
15. I（look）for the dictionary, but I（find not）it yet.
16. －the new programmes（start）yet?－No, they（plan,still）
18. We（live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We（live）for 10 years.
19. They can’t go with us. They（finish, not）the work yet.
20. You（change, not ）your mind, haven’t you?
21.We must pay for the library book if we（lost）it.
22. He has already finished his homework.（改為否定句）
Hefinished his homework.
23.－ I hear your father（be）to Japan once.－Yes. He（go）there last year.
24. －Whenyou（buy）the book?－I（have）it for two weeks.
25. Such a thing（happen, never）in the village before.
現在完成時態1have / has +done,請注意與一般過去式的區別
I have already worked out this math problem? (改為否定句)
Iworked out the math problem.
He has already finished the book.(改一般疑問句并做肯定否定回答)
hethe book? Yes, he. No, he.
I have a book.. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答)
youa book?Yes, I. No, I.
I have got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答)
youa book?Yes, I. No, I.
He has got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答)
hea book? yes, he.No, he.
You have done your homework,you ?(改為反意疑問句)
He has never been abroad,he? (改為反意疑問句)
We have got little milk,we? (改為反意疑問句)
Jim has got a pen. Lucy has got a pen too.(改為同義句)Jim has got a pen,Lucy.
I think younever(hear) such a thing.
you(know) where your sister has(go)?
I think you(be) all right soon.
If you(lose) a book, you(pay ) for it.
I(tell) you about the accident as soon as I(finish) the work.
you( read) the book yet?
Tomjust(find) his cat.
He(not see) the film yet. So hesee) it this evening.
I(have) my lunch already.
You(find) your lost book? Yes, I(find) it hours ago.
You needn’t tell him about it. Ialreadyhim about it.(tell)
--Have you ever(be) to Tibet? --Yes, I.--whenyouthere?(go) --Three weeks ago.
--Jim,you(write) a letter to your aunt? --yes,I.
I(write) it just now.
Have you(return) the ladder yet? No, not.I(return) it soon.
I(有) the book Harry Potter.
So far, I(not get) a letter from him.
Until now, shealready(write) three books.
In the past few years, we(build) a lot of buildings.
In two or three years, the city(become) the most beautiful one in China.
This is the first time I(visit) the Great Wall.
Wealready(know)each other before.
We(get)to know each other three years ago.
Theyjust(get) in touch with each other.
They(get) in touch with each other just now.
I am sorry. I(forget) your name.
I am sorry I(forget) to bring you photos.
--How many timesyou everto Shanghai?
---Ieverthere three times.(去過)
--Where is Jim?--Heto the teachers’ office(去了)
33. --youto the hospial yet? .(去過)
--yes, I(go)to see Doctor Li this morning and he(give)me some medicine.
--you(take) it.? -- yes, Iit just a moment ago.(take)
She has worked in the school for three years. (改為同義句)
She hasthe schoolthree years..
I borrowed the book three days.(39和40為同義句)
I(借) the book for three days
She(learn) English for three years.
She(learn) Englishthree years.(用since)
She(learn) English since2002.
Last year he often(run) for two hours a day. Until now hefor two years.(run)
He(live) here since he(move) here.
Our maths teacher(talk) to a boy when I(enter) the room
The Greens(be) to the Great Wall twice.
I(give) the message to her as soon as he(come) back.
There(be) no books on the shelf a moment ago.
Look, the Greens(have) supper. But wejust(eat) it.
In one or two years, she(become) a doctor.
He died two years ago.(改為同義句) Hefor two years.
I bought the pen three hours ago.(改為同義句)
I(有)the pen for three hours.
I joined the army three years ago. (改為同義句)
Ia member of the armythree years.
Ithe army for three years.
Itthree yearshethe army.
知識講解現在完成時和過去完成時有什么區別（北現在完成時
構成：have /has +done/been done
用法：1動作發生在過去對現在的影響
eg:The possibility has been dismissed that he has liver failure.
2 動作開始于過去，一直持續到現在
eg:How long have you lived here?
3在時間條件壯語從句中，用現在完成時替代將來完成時
eg:When you have finished the magazine,please lend it to me.
常用時間狀語：1表示到現在為止：already ,yet ,just ,ever, never ,before ,since ,so far, until now ,by now ,up to now.
2表示最近：recentl,lately in the past/last few years
3包含現在在內的時間狀語：this morning/afternoon,all theyear ,all day
過去完成時
構成：had + done/been done
1. 由時間狀語來判定
與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：
（ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday
2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現在：
（ 1 ）賓語從句中當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本… ，未能…"We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
過去完成時與現在完成時的區別
現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，以現在的時間為基點，但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響，與現在有關，其結構為“助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態，以過去時間為基點，它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去，更強調“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在）
初中英語現在完成時的講解現在完成時結構：
have+過去分詞
He has been to Beijing.
這句話中be to表示去過…… 的意思，所以have+過去分詞，be→been
現在完成時被動語態結構：
have+been+過去分詞
而被動語態結構：be+過去分詞,完成時中be 變成了been
He has been taught English for five years
如還有疑問~歡迎擴展
學習進步~若覺得滿意~請記得~~∩_∩
擴展
那和其他時態的區別呢？這是初二的英語，在此之前他們學了現在進行時，過去進行時，過去將來時，現在完成進行時，在此基礎上，我應該怎么講呢？

補充
【現在完成時講解_初中英語現在完成時的講解】現在進行時：be動詞+動詞ing形式，如：i am speaking 我正在說話
過去進行時：be動詞的過去式+動詞ing形式，如：i was speaking at that moment 那一刻我正在說話
過去將來時：would+be/動詞，如，i would be there if i knew 如果我知道我將去那
現在完成進行時：have+been+動詞ing，如：i have been waiting here all the time我一直在這等著

要哦親偶一個字一個字打上去的嘿嘿